Hepatocellular carcinoma and the Fontan circulation: Clinical presentation and outcomes

Background Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD) is universal in patients with a Fontan circulation. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of its severe expressions, and, though rare, frequently fatal. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical presentation, risk factors, and outcomes of HCC in patients with a Fontan circulation. Methods A multicenter case series of Fontan patients with a diagnosis of HCC formed the basis of this...