The Adult Patient with a Fontan

The authors summarize the most important anatomic and physiologic substrates of Fontan circulation. Common anatomic substrates include hypoplastic left heart syndrome , tricuspid atresia , double inlet left ventricle , and unbalanced atrioventricular septal defects . After the Fontan operation exercise capacity is limited and the key hemodynamic drivers is limited preload due to a relatively fixed pulmonary vascular resistance . The authors...