An improved shell-fastener model for modelling C/SiC composite bolted joints with rough surface characteristics

An improved shell-fastener model is proposed to study the mechanical behavior of C/SiC composite bolted joints with the rough surface (millimetric magnitude). Based on the axial compressive experiment, the normal contact stiffness is obtained by a modified fractal normal contact model, which is also validated by using a solid FE model and a hybrid FE model (shell-fastener and solid nuts). The equivalent axial stiffness and shear stiffness used...