Geometry nature of hydraulic fracture propagation from oriented perforations and implications for directional hydraulic fracturing

In this study, hydromechanical hybrid finite-discrete element method (FDEM) models were employed to investigate hydraulic fracturing from oriented perforations at the microscale. Numerical calibrations were first used to obtain the microproperties that can represent the realistic behavior of sandstone. The fracture morphology and breakdown pressure obtained from the numerical hydraulic fracturing show reasonable agreements with the experimental...