Abstract There are several therapeutic approaches in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). When diet and exercise fail to control hyperglycemia, patients are forced to start therapy with antidiabetic agents. However, these drugs present several drawbacks that can affect the course of treatment. The major disadvantages of current oral modalities for the treatment of T2DM are mainly depicted in the low bioavailability and the immediate release of the drug, generating the need for an increase in frequency of dosing. In conjugation with the manifestation of adverse side effects, patient compliance to therapy is reduced. Over the past few years nanotechnology has found fertile ground in the development of novel delivery modalities that can potentially enhance anti-diabetic regimes efficacy. All efforts have been targeted towards two main vital steps: (a) to protect the drug by encapsulating it into a nano-carrier system and (b) efficiently release the drug in a gradual as well as controllable manner. However, only a limited number of studies published in the literature used in vivo techniques in order to support findings. Here we discuss the current disadvantages of modern T2DM marketed drugs, and the nanotechnology advances supported by in vivo in mouse/rat models of glucose homeostasis. The generation of drug nanocarriers may increase bioavailability, prolong release and therefore reduce dosing and thus, improve patient compliance. This novel approach might substantially improve quality of life for diabetics. Application of metal nanoformulations as indirect hypoglycemic agents are also discussed.
Abstract Bioimplant engineering aims to mature biological alternatives to restore, retain, or modify damaged tissues and/or the functionality of organs. Remarkable advancements in modern material technology have helped the diversity of materials for orthopaedic implant application. As such, nanomaterials can simulate the surface properties of natural tissues, especially with respect to surface topography, surface chemistry, surface energy, and surface wettability. The novel properties of nanomat...
Last. Christopher J. Brown(Agency for Science, Technology and Research)H-Index: 25
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In this report we describe the development of a Fluorescent Protein-Protein Interaction-visualization (FLUOPPI) to enable the simultaneous measurement of both Mdm2:p53 and Mdm4:p53 interactions in order to assess the relative efficiencies of mimetic molecules of the p53 peptide helix against both PPIs. Mdm2 and Mdm4 overexpression frequently leads to the inactivation of non-mutated p53 in human cancers, via inhibition of its transcriptional activity, enhancing its degradation by the proteasome o...
Last. Guoxin Sui(CAS: Chinese Academy of Sciences)H-Index: 10
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Transparent cellulose nanowhisker (CNW)/ graphene nanoplatelet (GN) composite films were produced via sonication mixing and solution casting methods. Such composite films exhibited improved thermal, electrical and mechanical properties. The material morphologies and microstructures were examined using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Strong interaction was detected when CNWs were randomly attached onto graphene sheets, as evidenced by...
Last. M. I. Khan(Kohat University of Science and Technology)H-Index: 9
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Substances at nanoscale commonly known as “nanomaterials” have always grabbed the attention of the researchers for hundreds of years. Among these different types of nanomaterials, magnetic nanomaterials have been the focus of overwhelming attention during the last two decades as evidenced by an extraordinary increase in number of research papers. Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles have occupied a vital position in imaging phenomena; as drug vehicles, controlled/sustained release phenomena and hyp...
#1Xenofon Strakosas(UCSC: University of California, Santa Cruz)H-Index: 15
#2John Selberg(UCSC: University of California, Santa Cruz)H-Index: 7
Last. Marco Rolandi(UCSC: University of California, Santa Cruz)H-Index: 31
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Continuous glucose monitoring from sweat and tears can improve the quality of life of diabetic patients and provide data for more accurate diagnosis and treatment. Current continuous glucose sensors use enzymes with a one-to-two week lifespan, which forces periodic replacement. Metal oxide sensors are an alternative to enzymatic sensors with a longer lifetime. However, metal oxide sensors do not operate in sweat and tears because they function at high pH (pH > 10), and sweat and tears are neutra...
#1Jihye Yoo(Catholic University of Korea)H-Index: 7
#2Changhee Park(Catholic University of Korea)H-Index: 6
Last. Heebeom Koo(Catholic University of Korea)H-Index: 40
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Targeting nanoparticle (NP) carriers to sites of disease is critical for their successful use as drug delivery systems. Along with optimization of physicochemical properties, researchers have focused on surface modification of NPs with biological ligands. Such ligands can bind specific receptors on the surface of target cells. Furthermore, biological ligands can facilitate uptake of modified NPs, which is referred to as ‘active targeting’ of NPs. In this review, we discuss recent applications of...
Abstract In tumorous tissues, the absence of vasculature supportive tissues intimates the formation of leaky vessels and pores (100 nm to 2 μm in diameter) and the poor lymphatic system offers great opportunity to treat cancer and the phenomenon is known as Enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The trends in treating cancer by making use of EPR effect is increasing day by day and generate multitudes of possibility to design novel anticancer therapeutics. This review aimed to present ...
#1Chiara Martinelli(IIT: Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia)H-Index: 11
#2Carlotta Pucci(IIT: Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia)H-Index: 8
Last. Gianni Ciofani(IIT: Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia)H-Index: 47
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Cancer accounts for millions of deaths every year and, due to the increase and aging of the world population, the number of new diagnosed cases is continuously rising. Although many progresses in early diagnosis and innovative therapeutic protocols have been already set in clinical practice, still a lot of critical aspects need to be addressed in order to efficiently treat cancer and to reduce several drawbacks caused by conventional therapies. Nanomedicine has emerged as a very promising approa...
#1Anam Munawar(PIEAS: Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences)H-Index: 5
#2Yori Ong(UMCG: University Medical Center Groningen)H-Index: 3
Last. Sadia Zafar Bajwa(National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering)H-Index: 16
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Nanosensors with high sensitivity utilize electrical, optical, and acoustic properties to improve the detection limits of analytes. The unique and exceptional properties of nanomaterials (large surface area to volume ratio, composition, charge, reactive sites, physical structure and potential) are exploited for sensing purposes. High-sensitivity in analyte recognition is achieved by preprocessing of samples, signal amplification and by applying different transduction approaches. In this review, ...
#1Paul Wan Sia Heng(NUS: National University of Singapore)H-Index: 53
Controlled release drug delivery products are designed to release the active content in a predictable pattern in vivo over an extended time period albeit for some, faster release is desirable. The ...
INTRODUCTION The use of current available treatment for male erectile dysfunction (ED) has some limitations that are related to efficacy and adverse effects. Nanotechnology has been used as a new tool in medicine to improve these limitations and new medications potentially to alleviate and cure ED. AIM To review the currently literature on new nano medications for ED based on scientific and clinical studies, efficacy, safety, mechanisms of action, and to identify gaps for future research. METHOD...
About ninety percent of all diabetic conditions account for T2D caused due to abnormal insulin secretion/ action or increased hepatic glucose production. Factors that contribute towards the aetiology of T2D could be well explained through biochemical, molecular, and cellular aspects. In this review, we attempt to explain the recent evolving molecular and cellular advancement associated with T2D pathophysiology. Current progress fabricated in T2D research concerning intracellular signaling cascad...
Last. Ping Shao(Zhejiang University of Technology)H-Index: 22
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Abstract Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides (TPs) have attracted extensive attention as functional food constituents due to their bioactivity. However, β-D-glucan obtained from TPs is readily degraded by oxidation and easy to absorb water and agglomerate. The purpose of this study was to reduce moisture adsorption and caking strength through spray drying by using maltodextrin as wall materials and explore the hypoglycemic effect and molecular mechanism of TPs microcapsules. It was observed that...
Last. Kamal Dua(UTS: University of Technology, Sydney)H-Index: 28
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Abstract The present study was aimed to develop the Glimepiride (GLM) loaded nanosuspension by different methods for increasing the solubility of GLM. Twelve formulations were prepared by combination method (FG), which included antisolvent precipitation method followed by sonication (Method 1) selecting drug and polymer in ratio of 1:10, 1:20 and 1:30. Further 6 formulations were prepared by nanoprecipitation method (Fg) (Method 2) selecting drug and polymer in ratio of 1:10, 1:20 by using diffe...
#1Yupeng Fu(Tianjin University of Science and Technology)H-Index: 1
#2Ding Ying(Tianjin University of Science and Technology)H-Index: 1
Last. Peng Yu(Tianjin University of Science and Technology)H-Index: 16
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Abstract Diabetes mellitus is one of the most challenging threats to global public health. To improve the therapy efficacy of antidiabetic drugs, numerous drug delivery systems have been developed. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a polymeric family sharing the same skeleton but with different molecular weights which is considered as a promising material for drug delivery. In the delivery of antidiabetic drugs, PEG captures much attention in the designing and preparation of sustainable and controlla...
Abstract Chalcones have shown a broad spectrum of biological activities with clinical potential against various diseases. The biological activities are mainly attributed to the presence of α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system, perceived as potential Michael acceptors. In this review, we discussed the antioxidant potential of chalcones and elucidated the mechanisms of pathways and proteins such as carbohydrate digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), aldose reductase, SLGT-2, and Nrf2 that ar...