In vitro induction and in vivo engraftment of kidney organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells

The shortage of transplantable organs impedes the development of tissue‑engineered alternatives. Producing tissues similar to immature kidneys from pluripotent stem cells is possible in vitro, but the size of the organoids is limited. Furthermore, in vivo implantation is necessary for organoid development and functional maturation. In the present study, the induction procedure was optimized and kidney organoids derived from induced pluripotent...