Analysis of Cytoplasmic and Membrane Molecular Crowding in Genetically Programmed Synthetic Cells

Building genetically programmed synthetic cell systems by molecular integration is a powerful and effective approach to capture the synergies between biomolecules when they are put together. In this work, we characterized quantitatively the effects of molecular crowding on gene expression in the cytoplasm of minimal cells, when a crowding agent is added to the reaction, and on protein self-assembly at the membrane, when a crowding agent is...