2-Pyrazine-PPD, a novel dammarane derivative, showed anticancer activity by reactive oxygen species-mediate apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress in gastric cancer cells

20 (R)-Dammarane-3β, 12β, 20, 25-tetrol (25-OH-PPD), a ginsenoside, was derived from Panax ginseng (C. A. Meyer) and inhibited growth of several cancer cell lines. To improve the anti-cancer activity, we introduced the pyrazine ring to 25-OH-PPD and obtained the compound 20(R)-[2,3-β]-Pyrazine-dammarane-12β,20,25-triol (2-Pyrazine-PPD). we evaluated the anti-cancer activity of 2-Pyrazine-PPD and investigated the main anti-cancer mechanisms of...