Caloric restriction in heart failure: A systematic review

Background and aims Nutrition exerts a determinant role in maintaining cardiac function, regulating insulin and mitochondrial efficiency, that are essential to support energy production for contractility. In patients with heart failure (HF), myocardial tissue efficiency is reduced because of decreased mitochondrial oxidative capacity. In HF conditions, cardiomyocytes shift toward glucose and a reduction in fatty acid utilization. Calorie...