#1Zunyou Wu(CCDC: Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention)H-Index: 56
#2Jennifer M. McGoogan(CCDC: Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention)H-Index: 17
The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention recently published the largest case series to date of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in mainland China (72 314 cases, updated through February 11, 2020). This Viewpoint summarizes key findings from this report and discusses emerging understanding of and lessons from the COVID-19 epidemic.
A new coronavirus, referred to as SARS-CoV-2, is responsible for the recent outbreak of severe respiratory disease. This outbreak first detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has spread to other regions of China and to 25 other countries as of January, 2020. It has been known since the 2003 SARS epidemic that the receptor critical for SARS-CoV entry into host cells is the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The S1 domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV attaches the virus to its cellular...
#1Yingxia Liu(Southern University of Science and Technology)H-Index: 32
#2Yang Yang(Southern University of Science and Technology)H-Index: 48
Last. Lei Liu(Southern University of Science and Technology)H-Index: 42
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The outbreak of the 2019-nCoV infection began in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei province, and rapidly spread to many provinces in China as well as other countries. Here we report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics, as well as potential biomarkers for predicting disease severity in 2019-nCoV-infected patients in Shenzhen, China. All 12 cases of the 2019-nCoV-infected patients developed pneumonia and half of them developed acute respiratory distress syndrome...
#2Sun Mi Choi(Seoul National University Hospital)H-Index: 15
Last. Sang Min Lee(Seoul National University Hospital)H-Index: 19
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Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a life-threatening disease. Many patients with ARDS do not recover fully, and progress to terminal lung fibrosis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor is known to modulate the neurohormonal system to reduce inflammation and to prevent tissue fibrosis. However, the role of ACE inhibitor in the lungs is not well understood. We therefore conducted this study to elucidate the effect of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockage on ...
#1Jan Klimas(Comenius University in Bratislava)H-Index: 17
#2Michael Olvedy(Comenius University in Bratislava)H-Index: 1
Last. Peter Ochodnicky(Comenius University in Bratislava)H-Index: 14
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Since the identification of the alternative angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a new complex target for a pharmacological intervention. We investigated the expression of RAS components in the heart and kidney during the development of hypertension and its perinatal treatment with losartan in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Expressions of RAS genes were studied by the RT-PCR in the left ventricle and kidney of rats: nor...
Objective To systematically review longitudinal studies evaluating use of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and risk of pneumonia. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Medline through PubMed, Web of Science with conference proceedings (inception to June 2011), and US Food and Drug Administration website (June 2011). Systematic reviews and references of retrieved articles were also searched. Study selection Two reviewers ind...
#1Aino Soro-Paavonen(HYKS: Helsinki University Central Hospital)H-Index: 19
#2Daniel Gordin(HYKS: Helsinki University Central Hospital)H-Index: 27
Last. Per-Henrik Groop(HYKS: Helsinki University Central Hospital)H-Index: 82
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Objective:Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a homolog of ACE that counterbalances the actions of angiotensin (AT)II and promotes vasodilatation. Circulating ACE2 activity is increased in diabetes in experimental models. The role of ACE2 in human pathophysiology is unknown. We examined whethe
The SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) epidemic of 2003 caused almost 800 deaths, many of them due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as a complication. There are no effective drugs available for treating ARDS, but new work in mice suggests that ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) might be an option. ACE2 can protect mice from lung injury in an ARDS-like syndrome, whereas other components of the renin–angiotensin system for controlling blood pressure and salt balance actually...
Background— Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has emerged as a novel regulator of cardiac function and arterial pressure by converting angiotensin II (Ang II) into the vasodilator and antitrophic heptapeptide, angiotensin-(1–7) [Ang-(1–7)]. As the only known human homolog of ACE, the demonstration that ACE2 is insensitive to blockade by ACE inhibitors prompted us to define the effect of ACE inhibition on the ACE2 gene. Methods and Results— Blood pressure, cardiac rate, and plasma and cardia...
Abstract Objective The 2018 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) Blood Cholesterol Guideline recommendation to classify patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) as very high-risk (VHR) vs not-VHR (NVHR) has important implications for escalation of medical therapy. We aimed to define the prevalence and clinical characteristics of these two groups within a large multi-state healthcare system and develop a simpler means to assist clinicians in iden...
There is still a lack of knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of death among COVID-19-deceased patients, and the question of whether a patient has died with or due to COVID-19 is still very much debated. In Italy, all deaths of patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 are defined as COVID-19-related, without considering pre-existing diseases that may either contribute to or even cause death. Our study included nine subjects from two different nursing homes (Cases 1–4, Group A; Cases 5–9, ...
This article presents the potential health benefits of Rooibos to be considered a support during the COVID-19 pandemic. The recent pandemic of COVID-19 has led to severe morbidity and mortality. The highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 is known to prime a cytokine storm in patients and progression to acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome. Based on clinical features, the pathology of acute respiratory disorder induced by SARS-CoV-2 suggests that excessive inflammation, oxidative stress, a...
#2Idrus Alwi(UI: University of Indonesia)H-Index: 10
Last. Salim S. Virani(BCM: Baylor College of Medicine)H-Index: 62
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Abstract Background Several comorbidities have been associated with an increased risk of severity and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Purpose In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we attempted to investigate the association between heart failure (HF) and poor outcome in patients with COVID-19. Methods We performed a systematic literature search fr...
Last. Yun Long(Peking Union Medical College Hospital)H-Index: 16
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Background null Analgesia and sedation therapy are commonly used for critically ill patients, especially mechanically ventilated patients. From the initial nonsedation programs to deep sedation and then to on-demand sedation, the understanding of sedation therapy continues to deepen. However, according to different patient's condition, understanding the individual patient's depth of sedation needs remains unclear. null Methods null The public open source critical illness database Medical Informa...
Background null It is very important to determine the risk of patients developing severe or critical COVID-19, but most of the existing risk prediction models are established using conventional regression models. We aim to use machine learning algorithms to develop predictive models and compare predictive performance with logistic regression models. null Methods null The medical record of 161 COVID-19 patients who were diagnosed January-April 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were...
A new virus strain detected in late 2019 and not previously described in humans is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes corona virus disease (COVID-19). While potential therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 are being investigated, significant initiatives are being made to create protective drugs and study various antiviral agents to cure the infection. However, an effective treatment strategy against COVID-19 is worrisome inadequate. The objective of the p...
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a strain of coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered a global pandemic affecting billions of lives and posing a stiff challenge to the delivery of routine healthcare across the world. The new second wave of COVID-19 in India presents with higher rate of infection and percentage of asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic cases is much higher than before, which means more people are spreading the dise...
Last. Jean-Louis Mege(AMU: Aix-Marseille University)H-Index: 58
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The etiological agent of COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2, is primarily a pulmonary-tropic coronavirus. Infection of alveolar pneumocytes by SARS-CoV-2 requires virus binding to the angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) monocarboxypeptidase. ACE2, present on the surface of many cell types, is known to be a regulator of blood pressure homeostasis through its ability to catalyze the proteolysis of Angiotensin II (Ang II) into Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)]. We therefore hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 could tri...