Abstract A robust data mining algorithm is presented as a critical solution to the challenge of managing intensive data generated from the recently developed multiplexing techniques, which allow simultaneous detection of up to 500 biomarkers in a few microliters of a single sample. Furthermore, detailed methodology is provided for exploiting the new algorithm along with examples for description of the first application as a powerful diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring tool in the management of breast cancer, as a disease model.
Abstract Particulate materials at nano- and micro-scales have widespread pharmaceutical and medical applications. Understanding the interactions of these materials with biological systems is crucial for the design of clinically-viable biomaterials of high safety profiles. Immunomodulatory effects of particulate materials can be studied via multiplexing techniques that are capable of measuring up to 500 biomarkers in a few microliters of biological samples. However, there are several challenges t...
BackgroundEarly detection of breast cancer (BC) is crucial in lowering the mortality.PurposeTo present an overview of studies concerning computer-aided detection (CAD) in screening mammography for early detection of BC and compare diagnostic accuracy and recall rates (RR) of single reading (SR) with SR + CAD and double reading (DR) with SR + CAD.Material and MethodsPRISMA guidelines were used as a review protocol. Articles on clinical trials concerning CAD for detection of BC in a screening popu...
Abstract Breast MRI has been shown to be the most sensitive examination in the detection of breast cancer. However, given the high associated costs, its use in the screening setting has traditionally been limited to those who are at high-risk for breast cancer. Abbreviated protocol breast MRI is capable of reducing the traditional costs associated with breast MRI, while maintaining diagnostic accuracy and cancer detection, and therefore a potential future screening tool for breast cancer in a br...
Last. Peiwen Fei(UH: University of Hawaii)H-Index: 16
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ABSTRACTIn the past 25 years, incidence rates of breast cancer have risen about 30% in westernized countries. Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the most prominent cause of breast cancer. However, these cancer susceptibility genes (BRCAs) only account for a few percent of women suffering breast tumor. With our understanding that BRCAs are Fanconi Anemia (FA) genes, investigations into the FA signaling network should provide a previously unrecognized key to unlock in-depth insights into both etiolo...
Abstract Biomarkers ( e.g. cytokines) that are commonly measured to assess the immunomodulatory effects of nano- or micro-particulates may be adsorbed on their surfaces and/or absorbed within internal regions, thereby, generating an inaccurately low measure of immunotoxic effect. We provide this commentary, therefore, as a cautionary recommendation that previously published data be reassessed, and future investigations consider potential artifacts and data misinterpretation carefully.
Abstract Cancer is a complex systemic disorder that affects many organs and tissues and arises from the altered function of multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms. One of the systems malfunctioning in cancer is the immune system. Restoring and improving the ability of the immune system to effectively recognize and eradicate cancer is the main focus of immunotherapy, a topic which has garnered recent and significant interest. The initial excitement about immunotherapy, however, has been chall...
: … Drug-delivery research is experiencing a major expansion, however the upsurge in published reports does not correlate with therapeutic advances. Reporting complex systems seems to have prevailed over the desire to treat a disease effectively with a robust and safe formulation. Another important issue is the lack of reproducibility of published findings …" Read more in the Editorial by Jean-Christophe Leroux.
Abstract Ribonucleic acid interference therapy is a promising cancer treatment, which uses small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to target and degrade messenger RNAs. Due to endogenous nuclease activity, siRNA is degraded rapidly, resulting in poor cell uptake and hence specificity. Moreover, it will not readily cross the cell membrane by passive diffusion. In order to take advantage of the therapeutic power of siRNA for the treatment of cancer, specialized delivery vehicles have been designed. In thi...
#2James C. Evans(U of T: University of Toronto)H-Index: 5
Last. Christine Allen(U of T: University of Toronto)H-Index: 58
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With countless preclinical studies on block copolymer micelles (BCMs) successfully demonstrating the superiority of these advanced drug delivery formulations over conventional formulations, it remains somehow discouraging that only a few have reached clinical evaluation and practice. With a critical eye, this review aims to compare and summarize the preclinical and clinical data available on several BCM formulations and to identify their primary role in drug delivery as “carrier” or “solubilizer...
Last. Shuhong Luo(Southern Medical University)H-Index: 2
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Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women, with a more 20% 5-year survival rate after metastases. It is therefore critical to improve early diagnosis in order to improve disease prognosis. This study investigates cytokine profiles of breast cancer serum with the aim of identifying biomarkers for early diagnosis. A solid-phase antibody array was used for screening 274 biomarkers in serum from breast cancer patients. ELISA assay was carried out to identify biomarkers w...