Abstract Objectives The objectives of this analysis were to 1) estimate prevalence of contraceptive use among women at risk for unintended pregnancy and 2) identify correlates of contraceptive use among women with ongoing or potential need for contraceptive services in Puerto Rico during the 2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak. Study Design We conducted a cell-phone survey July–November, 2016. Women aged 18–49 years living in Puerto Rico were eligible. We completed 3,059 interviews; the overall response rate was 69.2%. After weighting, the data provide population-based estimates. For this analysis, we included women at risk for unintended pregnancy, and assessed ongoing or potential need for contraceptive services in this group, excluding women using permanent contraceptive methods. Results Most women reported using contraception (82.8%), and use increased with age. Female sterilization and male condoms were most frequently reported (40.8% and 17.1%, respectively). Among women with ongoing or potential need for contraceptive services, 24.7% talked to a healthcare provider about ZIKV, and 31.2% reported a change in childbearing intentions due to ZIKV. Most women were at least a little worried about getting infected with ZIKV (74.3%) or having a baby with a birth defect (80.9%). Being very worried about getting infected with ZIKV and already having Zika were significantly associated with use of any contraception (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.03–1.38 and 1.32, 95% CI: 1.01–1.72, respectively). Conclusions These findings underscore the need for regular contraceptive prevalence studies to inform programs about contraceptive needs, especially during public health emergencies. Implications When the 2016 Zika virus outbreak began in Puerto Rico there were no recent population-based data available on contraceptive prevalence. To fill this information gap, we conducted a population-based survey. Our findings provided baseline contraceptive prevalence estimates to support response planning and allocation of health resources.
Summary Background Prevention of unintended pregnancy is a primary strategy to reduce adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes related to Zika virus infection. The Zika Contraception Access Network (Z-CAN) aimed to build a network of health-care providers offering client-centred contraceptive counselling and the full range of reversible contraception at no cost to women in Puerto Rico who chose to prevent pregnancy during the 2016–17 Zika virus outbreak. Here, we describe the Z-CAN programme design,...
Abstract Objective The objective was to examine levels of, correlates of and changes in the use of individual and grouped methods of contraception among US females aged 15–44 from 2008 to 2014. Study design Using three rounds of the National Survey of Family Growth, we analyzed samples of 12,279 (2008), 5601 (2012) and 5699 (2014) females. We conducted simple and multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify associations between demographic characteristics and contraceptive use, as well...
CDC has updated its interim guidance for persons with possible Zika virus exposure who are planning to conceive (1) and interim guidance to prevent transmission of Zika virus through sexual contact (2), now combined into a single document. Guidance for care for pregnant women with possible Zika virus exposure was previously published (3). Possible Zika virus exposure is defined as travel to or residence in an area of active Zika virus transmission (http://www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/index.html), or sex...
#2Owen Devine(CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)H-Index: 29
Last. Michael A. Johansson(CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)H-Index: 39
view all 13 authors...
Importance Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is a cause of congenital microcephaly and severe fetal brain defects, and it has been associated with other adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Objective To estimate the number of pregnant women infected with ZIKV in Puerto Rico and the number of associated congenital microcephaly cases. Design, Setting, and Participants We conducted a modeling study from April to July 2016. Using parameters derived from published reports, outcomes were m...
Summary Background The incidence of microcephaly in Brazil in 2015 was 20 times higher than in previous years. Congenital microcephaly is associated with genetic factors and several causative agents. Epidemiological data suggest that microcephaly cases in Brazil might be associated with the introduction of Zika virus. We aimed to detect and sequence the Zika virus genome in amniotic fluid samples of two pregnant women in Brazil whose fetuses were diagnosed with microcephaly. Methods In this case...
Zika virus is a flavivirus transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, and infection can be asymptomatic or result in an acute febrile illness with rash (1). Zika virus infection during pregnancy is a cause of microcephaly and other severe birth defects (2). Infection has also been associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) (3) and severe thrombocytopenia (4,5). In December 2015, the Puerto Rico Department of Health (PRDH) reported the first locally acquired case o...
#2de Oliveira Dias(UNIFESP: Federal University of São Paulo)H-Index: 1
Last. Rubens Belfort(UNIFESP: Federal University of São Paulo)H-Index: 68
view all 7 authors...
IMPORTANCE The Zika virus (ZIKV) has rapidly reached epidemic proportions, especially in northeastern Brazil, and has rapidly spread to other parts of the Americas. A recent increase in the prevalence of microcephaly in newborn infants and vision-threatening findings in these infants is likely associated with the rapid spread of ZIKV. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ocular findings in infants with microcephaly associated with presumed intrauterine ZIKV infection in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. DESIGN, SET...
Summary The Zika virus has spread rapidly in the Americas since its first identification in Brazil in early 2015. Prenatal Zika virus infection has been linked to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, most notably microcephaly and other serious brain anomalies. To determine whether Zika virus infection during pregnancy causes these adverse outcomes, we evaluated available data using criteria that have been proposed for the assessment of potential teratogens. On the basis of this review, we concl...
#2Andrea Poretti(JHUSOM: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)H-Index: 32
Last. Thierry A.G.M. Huisman(JHUSOM: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)H-Index: 31
view all 13 authors...
This report describes the characteristics of infants who were exposed to the Zika virus in utero and were born with abnormalities of the central nervous system, as seen on computed tomography.
Zika virus is a flavivirus transmitted primarily by Aedes species mosquitoes. Increasing evidence links Zika virus infection during pregnancy to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes including pregnancy loss intrauterine growth restriction eye defects congenital brain abnormalities and other fetal abnormalities (12). The virus has also been determined to be sexually transmitted.* Because of the potential risks associated with Zika virus infection during pregnancy CDC has recommended that health c...
Introduction Zika virus is primarily transmitted through mosquito bites. Because Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause serious birth defects, reproductive-aged women need protection from Zika virus infection. This report describes Zika virus prevention behaviors among women aged 18–49 years and assesses whether pregnancy status and healthcare provider counseling increases Zika virus prevention behaviors. Methods A population-based cell phone survey of women aged 18–49 years living in P...
#2SC Hillman(Warw.: University of Warwick)H-Index: 17
Last. Julia Gauly(Warw.: University of Warwick)H-Index: 3
view all 6 authors...
OBJECTIVES: Review evidence is lacking about how contraception is affected by severe social disruption, such as that caused by the COVID-19 pandemic null The purpose of this scoping review was to explore the impact of natural and man-made disasters on contraception in OECD member countries null METHODS: Manual searches and systematic searches in six electronic databases were conducted with no language restrictions null All articles were screened by at least two researchers null The data were ana...