The influence of perceptually rich manipulatives and collaboration on mathematic problem-solving and perseverance

We conducted a two-part study to examine how the use of different manipulatives, levels of instructional guidance, and collaboration among college-aged students influenced their mathematics performance and perseverance. In Study 1, we manipulated different types of manipulatives (no manipulative, bland, and perceptually rich), and different contextual factors of instructional guidance (high vs. low) to identify how they influenced students’...