Nanoparticle

Biotechnology

Biology

Photodynamic therapy

Biomedical engineering

Materials science

Cancer research

Biochemistry

Radiation therapy

Tumor hypoxia

Radiology

Bovine serum albumin

In vivo

Nanotechnology

Organic chemistry

Nanomedicine

Photothermal therapy

Internal medicine

Biocompatibility

Medicine

Chemistry

Theranostics

The hypoxia of the tumor microenvironment (TME) often hinders the effectiveness of cancer treatments, especially O 2 -dependent photodynamic therapy (PDT).Methods: An integrated iridium oxide (IrO 2 )-manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) nanotheranostic agent was fabricated through bovine serum albumin (BSA)-based biomineralization of Ir 3+ and Mn 2+ .BSA was first covalently modified with chlorin e6 (Ce6), and used to fabricate multifunctional BSA-Ce6@IrO 2 /MnO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) for computed X-ray tomography (CT) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging-guided PDT and photothermal (PTT) therapy of cancer.Extensive in vitro and in vivo studies were performed.Results: The theranostic agent produced can relieve tumor hypoxia by the decomposition of endogenous H 2 O 2 in cancer cells to oxygen.The oxygen generated can be exploited for improved PDT.Paramagnetic Mn 2+ released from the NPs in the acidic TME permits magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to be performed.The exceptional photothermal conversion efficiency (65.3%) and high X-ray absorption coefficient of IrO 2 further endow the NPs with the ability to be used in computed CT and PA imaging.Extensive antitumor studies demonstrated that the BSA-Ce6@IrO 2 /MnO 2 nanoplatform inhibits cancer cell growth, particularly after combined PTT and PDT.Systematic in vivo biosafety evaluations confirmed the high biocompatibility of the nanoplatform.Conclusion: This work not only provides a novel strategy for designing albumin-based nanohybrids for theranostic applications but also provides a facile approach for extending the biomedical applications of iridium-based materials.

Biomineralized Bimetallic Oxide Nanotheranostics for Multimodal Imaging-Guided Combination Therapy