Subclinical Vascular Disease in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Uganda Is Associated With Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction

Background The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its mechanisms in children living with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa has been understudied. Methods Mean common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and pulse-wave velocity (PWV) were evaluated in 101 PHIV and 96 HIV-negative (HIV−) children. PHIV were on ART, with HIV-1 RNA levels ≤400 copies/mL. We measured plasma and cellular markers of monocyte activation,...