Infant Formula Feeding Changes the Proliferative Status in Piglet Neonatal Mammary Glands Independently of Estrogen Signaling

Soy infant formula contains isoflavones, which are able to bind to and activate estrogen receptor (ER) pathways. The mammary gland is sensitive to estrogens, raising concern that the use of soy formulas may promote premature development. We aimed to determine if soy formula feeding increases mammary gland proliferation and differentiation in comparison to other infant postnatal diets. White-Dutch Landrace piglets aged 2 d received either sow...