Integrating Pathophysiology in Migraine: Role of the Gut Microbiome and Melatonin

Background: The pathoetiology and pathophysiology of migraine are widely accepted as unknown. Methods: The current article reviews the wide array of data associated with the biological underpinnings of migraine and provides a framework that integrates previously disparate bodies of data. Results: The importance of alterations in stress- and pro-inflammatory cytokine- induced gut dysbiosis, especially butyrate production, are highlighted. This is...