Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment of Swimming in Sewage Impacted Waters Using CrAssphage and Pepper Mild Mottle Virus in a Customizable Model

Fecal indicator bacteria currently employed for microbial water quality management are poor representatives of viruses. Viral water quality indicators have recently been proposed based on the human gut bacteriophage crAssphage and the food virus pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) due to their high abundance in sewage and association to human waste. Here, we develop a model relating crAssphage and PMMoV abundance to the risk of swimmer illness in a...