Extracellular and intercellular force distribution in circularly shaped epithelia

Stress homeostasis in multicellular organisms is essential to tissue growth, development, and repair. However, how cellular forces are generated and transmitted within a multicellular organism to maintain stress homeostasis remains poorly understood. Here we employ cellular force microscopies to quantify extracellular traction and intercellular tension of circularly shaped cohesive epithelia seeded on hydrogels of various stiffness. Our...