Hypospadias Prevalence and Trends in International Birth Defect Surveillance Systems, 1980–2010

Hypospadias is a common male birth defect that has shown widespread variation in reported prevalence estimates. Many countries have reported increasing trends over recent decades. To analyze the prevalence and trends of hypospadias for 27 international programs over a 31-yr period. The study population included live births, stillbirths, and elective terminations of pregnancy diagnosed with hypospadias during 1980–2010 from 27 surveillance...