Current knowledge about the relationships between ruminal bacterial communities and metabolite profiles in the yak rumen is limited. This is due to differences in the nutritional and metabolic features between yak and other ordinary cattle combined with difficulties associated with farm-based research and a lack of technical guidance. A comprehensive analysis of the composition and alterations in ruminal metabolites is required to advance the development of modern yak husbandry. In the current study, we characterized the effect of feed type on the ruminal fluid microbiota and metabolites in yak using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the predominant bacterial phyla in the yak rumen. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidales BS11 gut group, Prevotellaceae UCG-003, Ruminococcaceae UCG-011, Bacteroidales RF16 group and Ruminococcaceae UCG-010 was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in the forage group compared to that in the concentrate group, while the concentrate group harbored higher proportions of Bacteroidales S24-7 group, Ruminococcaceae NK4A214, Succiniclasticum and Ruminococcus 2. Yak rumen metabolomics analysis combined with enrichment analysis revealed that feed type altered the concentrations of ruminal metabolites as well as the metabolic pattern, and significantly (P < 0.01) affected the concentrations of ruminal metabolites involved in protein digestion and absorption (e.g., L-arginine, ornithine, L-threonine, L-proline and β-alanine), purine metabolism (e.g., xanthine, hypoxanthine, deoxyadenosine and deoxyadenosine monophosphate) and fatty acid biosynthesis (e.g., stearic acid, myristic acid and arachidonic acid). Correlation analysis of the association of microorganisms with metabolite features provides us with a comprehensive understanding of the composition and function of microbial communities. Associations between utilization or production were widely identified between affected microbiota and certain metabolites, and these findings will contribute to the direction of future research in yak.
#1Emmanuel Paradis(CNRS: Centre national de la recherche scientifique)H-Index: 31
#2Klaus Schliep(University of Massachusetts Boston)H-Index: 13
Summary After more than fifteen years of existence, the R package ape has continuously grown its contents, and has been used by a growing community of users. The release of version 5.0 has marked a leap towards a modern software for evolutionary analyses. Efforts have been put to improve efficiency, flexibility, support for 'big data' (R's long vectors), ease of use and quality check before a new release. These changes will hopefully make ape a useful software for the study of biodiversity and e...
: Active plant metabolites (APM) are recognized as modifiers of ruminal microbial fermentation including methanogenesis and biohydrogenation of fatty acids (FA). Coleus amboinicus Lour. leaves (CAL) are rich in several APM, which could serve as ruminal fermentation modulators. A phytochemical analysis showed that CAL contain phenolic acids (10.4 mg·g-1 dry matter [DM]; high in rosmarinic acid), flavonoids (2.6 mg·g-1 DM), diterpenes (2 mg·g-1 DM), and linolenic acid (35.4 g (100 g)-1 FA). This s...
#1Dan Xue(CAS: Chinese Academy of Sciences)H-Index: 4
#2Huai Chen(CAS: Chinese Academy of Sciences)H-Index: 29
Last. Xinquan Zhao(CAS: Chinese Academy of Sciences)H-Index: 40
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The ruminant digestive system harbors a complex gut microbiome, which is poorly understood in the case of the four stomach compartments of yak. High-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR were used to analyse microbial communities in the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum of six domesticated yak. The diversity of prokaryotes was higher in reticulum and omasum than in rumen and abomasum. Bacteroidetes predominated in the four stomach compartments, with abundance gradually decreasing in th...
The rumen microbiome scientific community has utilized amplicon sequencing as an aid in identifying potential community compositional trends that could be used as an estimation of various production and performance traits including methane emission, animal protein production efficiency and ruminant health status. In order to translate rumen microbiome studies into executable application there is a need for experimental and analytical concordance within the community. The objective of this study ...
#1Cristina Saro(INRA: Institut national de la recherche agronomique)H-Index: 18
#2Ulli M. Hohenester(INRA: Institut national de la recherche agronomique)H-Index: 1
Last. Diego P. Morgavi(INRA: Institut national de la recherche agronomique)H-Index: 52
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Modulating the assembly of the ruminal microbiota might have practical implications in production. We tested how an early-life dietary intervention in lambs influences the diversity and function of the ruminal microbiota during and after the intervention. Microbiota resilience during a repeated dietary intervention was also tested. The treatment, aiming to mitigate enteric methane emissions, combined garlic essential oil and linseed oil. Fifty-six lambs and their dams were allocated to two group...
#1Jun Zhang(CAU: China Agricultural University)H-Index: 6
#2Haitao Shi(U of S: University of Saskatchewan)H-Index: 4
Last. Shengli Li(CAU: China Agricultural University)H-Index: 11
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Limit-feeding of a high concentrate diet has been proposed as an effective method for improving feed efficiency and reducing total manure output of dairy heifers; meanwhile the effects of these methods on hindgut microbiota are still unclear. This study investigated the effects of a wide range of dietary forage:concentrate ratios (F:C) on the fecal composition of bacteria and archaea in heifers using next-generation sequencing. Four diets with different F:C (80:20, 60:40, 40:60, and 20:80) were ...
Last. Jana Kraft(UVM: University of Vermont)H-Index: 18
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Rumen microorganisms are the origin of many bioactive fatty acids (FA) found in ruminant-derived food products. Differences in plant leaf anatomy and chemical composition between cool- and warm-season pastures may alter rumen microorganisms, potentially enhancing the quantity/profile of bioactive FA available for incorporation into milk. The objective of this study was to identify rumen bacteria and protozoa and their cellular FA when cows grazed a warm-season annual, pearl millet (PM), in compa...
ABSTRACT Different studies have shown a strong correlation between the rumen microbiome and a range of production traits (e.g., feed efficiency, milk yield and components) in dairy cows. Underlying dynamics concerning cause and effect are, however, still widely unknown and warrant further investigation. The aim of the current study was to describe possible functional interrelations and pathways using a large set of variables describing the production, the metabolic and immunological state, as we...
Productivity of ruminant livestock depends on the rumen microbiota, which ferment indigestible plant polysaccharides into nutrients used for growth. Understanding the functions carried out by the rumen microbiota is important for reducing greenhouse gas production by ruminants and for developing biofuels from lignocellulose. We present 410 cultured bacteria and archaea, together with their reference genomes, representing every cultivated rumen-associated archaeal and bacterial family. We evaluat...
: The objective of this study was to determine the apparent and true intestinal digestibility of total and individual AA, and to estimate the efficiency of whole-body AA retention from individual and total absorbed AA. Four Nellore animals (241.3 kg initial BW) and four crossbred Angus × Nellore (263.4 kg initial BW) cannulated in rumen and ileum were randomly allocated in two 4 × 4 Latin squares. The experiment lasted four 17 d periods, with 10 d for adaptation to diets and another 7 d for data...
Last. Guangyong Zhao(CAU: China Agricultural University)H-Index: 5
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Abstract null null Two consecutive trials were conducted to investigate the effects of glucosinolates (GLS) in rapeseed cake (RSC) on nitrogen (N) metabolism and urine nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in steers. In Trial 1, eight steers and 4 levels of RSC, i.e. 0, 2.7%, 5.4% and 8.0% DM (0, 6.0, 12.1, 18.1 μmol GLS/g DM) were allocated in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square. In Trial 2, the static incubation technique was used for measuring the N2O emissions of the urine samples collected from Trial 1...
Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is one of the highly infectious diseases in dairy cows with the characteristics of high incidence and nonvisible clinical symptoms. The gastrointestinal microbiota is closely related to mastitis. Inulin is a prebiotic fiber with functions in improving intestinal microbial communities and enhancing the host's immunity. However, the impact of dietary inulin on the rumen inner environment remains unknown. The current study investigated whether inulin could relieve SCM by ...
Last. Guangyong Zhao(CAU: China Agricultural University)H-Index: 5
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Abstract null null Two consecutive experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with red cabbage extract (RCE) rich in anthocyanins on the nitrogen (N) metabolism in beef bulls and the nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from the soil applied with the urine of beef bulls. In Experiment 1, 8 Simmental beef bulls (body weight 387.9 ± 40.7 kg) were used as experimental animals. Two levels of RCE, i.e. 0 and 114.4 g dry matter of RCE/d, were supplemented to a basal rati...
Last. Ao-ri-ge-le Chen(Inner Mongolia Agricultural University)H-Index: 2
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This study evaluated effects of dietary forage to concentrate ratio (F:C) on the body weight, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and rumen bacterial composition in Angus cows. Three diets with different F:C (LCD: 65:35, MCD:50:50, and HCD: 35:65) were fed to ninety Angus cows (3.2 ± 0.18 years old, 387.2 ± 22.6 kg). The average daily gain (ADG) and ammonia nitrogen concentration increased (P = 0.039 and P = 0.026, respectively), whereas the acetate to propionate ratio (P = 0.027) and the neutra...
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of partial substitution of corn silage (CS) with sweet sorghum silage (SS) in the diets of lactating dairy cows on dry matter (DM) intake, milk yield and composition, blood biochemistry, and ruminal fermentation and microbial community. Thirty mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows [mean ± standard deviation; 639 ± 42.0 kg of body weight; 112 ± 24.0 d in milk (DIM)] were assigned to 3 groups (n = 10/treatment) by considering parity, milk yiel...
Traditionally, yaks graze only natural pasture all year round without supplements. Forage intake of lactating yaks is below energy and protein requirements, even in the summer, and suckling yaks lose a substantial amount of significant body weight. Today, to mitigate the loss in body weight, supplementary feed is being offered to lactating yaks. However, the effects of supplementary feed on ruminal bacterial communities in lactating yaks is unknown. In the current study, we examined the effect o...
Last. Min Wang(Ocean University of China)H-Index: 12
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Large amounts of anthropogenic East Asian (EA) particulate matters (PM), containing inorganic nutrients and organic matter, are deposited in the oligotrophic Northwest Pacific Ocean. However, the effects of such deposition on marine microbes remain unclear. In this study, the effect of EA PM deposition on marine bacteria was assessed by five on-board microcosm experiments, conducted in oligotrophic basins of the South China Sea. The addition of EA PM to the sampling water induced a clear shift i...
#1Xiaoling Zhang(CAS: Chinese Academy of Sciences)H-Index: 70
#2Xu Tianwei(CAS: Chinese Academy of Sciences)H-Index: 4
Last. Shixiao Xu(CAS: Chinese Academy of Sciences)H-Index: 10
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To improve performance and optimize rumen function in yaks (Bos grunniens), further knowledge on the appropriate dietary protein levels for ruminal microbiota and the metabolite profiles of yaks in feedlot feeding is necessary. Current understanding of dietary protein requirements, ruminal microbiota and metabolites is limited. In this study, yaks were fed a low-protein diet (L; 9.64 %), middle low-protein diet (ML; 11.25 %), middle high-protein diet (MH; 12.48 %), or a high-protein diet (H; 13....
Last. Huayi Suo(SWU: Southwest University)H-Index: 10
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Current information on the differences between rumen bacteria and metabolites of the grass-fed and grain-fed yaks is limited. Understanding the composition and alterations of rumen microbial metabolites is important to clarify its potential role in grass-fed and grain-fed systems. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of different production systems on the functional attributes and metabolites in the rumen microbiota of yak using genomics (Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 1...
The yak(Bos grunniens), as a symbolic livestock species in the plateau region, the change of feeding system is of great significance to improve its growth performance. Here, we comprehensively compared the effects of different feeding systems on the growth performance and ruminal development of yaks, and to investigate the effects on the ruminal microorganisms and metabolites of yaks using the 16s rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer(LC-MS) technologies. We found that ...
