Immunoregulation of macrophages by dynamic ligand presentation via ligand–cation coordination

Macrophages regulate host responses to implants through their dynamic adhesion, release, and activation. Herein, we employ bisphosphonate (BP)-coated gold nanoparticle template (BNP) to direct the swift and convertible formation of Mg 2+ -functional Mg 2+ -BP nanoparticle (NP) on the BP-AuNP surface via reversible Mg 2+ -BP coordination, thus producing (Mg 2+ -BP)-Au dimer (MgBNP). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-based Mg 2+ chelation...