Seizures from transcranial magnetic stimulation 2012–2016: Results of a survey of active laboratories and clinics

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can cause seizures in healthy individuals and patients. However, the rate at which this occurs is unknown. We estimated the risk of seizure and other adverse events with TMS. We surveyed laboratories and clinics about seizures and other events observed between 2012 and 2016 (inclusive). Respondents (N = 174) reported an estimated 318,560 TMS sessions. Twenty-four seizures were reported (.08/1000 sessions)....