Covalent and Noncovalent Approaches to Rigid Coplanar π-Conjugated Molecules and Macromolecules

ConspectusMolecular conformation and rigidity are essential factors in determining the properties of individual molecules, the associated supramolecular assemblies, and bulk materials. This correlation is particularly important for π-conjugated molecular and macromolecular systems. Within such an individual molecule, a coplanar conformation facilitates the delocalization of not only molecular orbitals but also charges, excitons, and spins,...