Improving CRISPR Genome Editing by Engineering Guide RNAs

Independently from engineering effector proteins, such as Cas9 and Cpf1, the engineering of guide RNAs themselves has provided useful and versatile options to improve the CRISPR technology as a genome editing toolset. Guide RNAs can be prepared by chemical synthesis, in vitro transcription, or intracellular transcription systems. Guide RNAs can be engineered in several ways, including chemical modifications, alterations in the spacer length,...