Gene

Coxsackievirus

Biology

Public health

Virology

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease

Biochemistry

Foot-and-mouth disease

Outbreak

Environmental health

Physics

Optics

Genotype

Internal medicine

Epidemiology

Enterovirus 71

Medicine

Virus

Disease

Incidence (geometry)

Enterovirus

Pathology

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common viral childhood illness, that has been a severe public health concern worldwide, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. According to epidemiological data of HFMD during the past decade, the most prevalent causal viruses were enterovirus (EV)-A71, coxsackievirus (CV)-A16, CV-A6, and CV-A10. The public health burden of CV-A10-related diseases has been underestimated as their incidence was lower than that of EV-A71 and CV-A16 in most HFMD outbreaks. However, cases of CV-A10 infection are more severe, and its genome is more variable, which has alerted the research community worldwide. Areas covered: In this paper, studies on the epidemiology, laboratory diagnosis, clinical manifestations, molecular epidemiology, seroepidemiology, animal models of CV-A10, and vaccines and antiviral strategies against this genotype are reviewed. In addition, the genetic evolution of circulating strains was analyzed. Expert opinion: Multivalent vaccines against EV-A71, CV-A16, CV-A6, and CV-A10 should be a next-step HFMD vaccine strategy.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease associated with coxsackievirus A10: more serious than it seems