Gene

Engineering

Bacteria

Biology

Virology

Telecommunications

Biochemistry

Computer science

Environmental health

Salmonella

Immunology

Genetics

Antigen

Salmonella enterica

Immunization

Escherichia coli

Sanitation

Medicine

Transmission (telecommunications)

Salmonella typhi

Conjugate vaccine

Typhoid fever

Electrical engineering

Pathology

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi (Salmonella Typhi) is the cause of typhoid fever and a human host–restricted organism. Our understanding of the global burden of typhoid fever has improved in recent decades, with both an increase in the number and geographic representation of high-quality typhoid fever incidence studies, and greater sophistication of modeling approaches. The 2017 World Health Organization Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization recommendation for the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines for infants and children aged >6 months in typhoid-endemic countries is likely to require further improvements in our understanding of typhoid burden at the global and national levels. Furthermore, the recognition of the critical and synergistic role of water and sanitation improvements in concert with vaccine introduction emphasize the importance of improving our understanding of the sources, patterns, and modes of transmission of Salmonella Typhi in diverse settings.

Progress in Typhoid Fever Epidemiology