Fractal-based real gas flow model in shales: An interplay of nano-pore and nano-fracture networks

Characterizing fluid flow in shale is challenging due to the existence of small-sized pores, variable wettability conditions, and different pore fluid occupancies. Majority of the sub-irreducible water saturation is stored inside the hydrophilic inorganic material (iOM) nanopores in the form of bound water film or capillary water at initial reservoir condition. During production, gas is transported through nano-pores and nano-fractures where a...