Oceanography

Brackish water

Geology

Engineering

Salinity

Reverse osmosis

Composite material

Monomer

Chemistry

Polymer chemistry

Polyamide

Materials science

Desalination

Interfacial polymerization

Membrane

Chemical engineering

Polymer

Biochemistry

Science

Spraying makes it smoother Commercial reverse osmosis processes for water desalination use membranes made by the polymerization of polyamide at the oil/water interface. Chowdhury et al. show that thinner, smoother membranes can be made with an electrospray technique. Using high voltage, the two precursors are finely sprayed onto a substrate and polymerize on contact. The composition of the resulting membrane can be tuned on the basis of the proportion of the two components. At optimum conditions, the membranes appear to be better at desalination than current commercial reverse osmosis membranes. Science , this issue p. 682

3D printed polyamide membranes for desalination