Abstract This methodology is proposed to measure the fluxes of trace gases among microcosms and the atmosphere. As microcosm respiration we include both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, which may results in CO2, CH4, NO, N2O, N2, H2S and H2 fluxes. Its applicability includes the assessment of products biodegradability and toxicity, the effect of treatments and products on greenhouse gases fluxes, and the mineralization of organic fertilizers. A step by step procedure; the complementary parameters and good practices that might be taken into account to perform a microcosm experiment; and the tools nowadays available that could be useful in this respirometric methodology are presented. We included a spreadsheet with calculus examples. Samples were taken at 1; 30; 60 and 90 min after closing the microcosms to determine the gases fluxes. The dilution effect was negligible, as we present. Besides CO2, we have successfully quantified the fluxes of CH4 and N2O from the microcosms in a broad range of concentrations. This method is useful in technical and scientific studies, for instances to test new products and improve the understanding of microbial processes, respectively. • Simple materials are required to set up the microcosm. • Examples of (pre) treatments are given regarding water availability, fertilizer doses, pH adjustment and nutrients amendments. • The method was suitable to directly measure multiple trace gases fluxes, either produced or consumed during microcosm respiration.
Last. Ronald G. Prinn(MIT: Massachusetts Institute of Technology)H-Index: 93
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Molecular hydrogen (H2) is an atmospheric trace gas with a large microbe-mediated soil sink, yet cycling of this compound throughout ecosystems is poorly understood. Measurements of the sources and sinks of H2 in various ecosystems are sparse, resulting in large uncertainties in the global H2 budget. Constraining the H2 cycle is critical to understanding its role in atmospheric chemistry and climate. We measured H2 fluxes at high frequency in a temperate mixed deciduous forest for 15 months usin...
Abstract The principal fungal species isolated from a contaminated library environment were tested for their microbial volatile organic compound (MVOC) production ability. Aspergillus creber , A. penicillioides , Cladosporium cladosporioides , Eurotium chevalieri , E. halophilicum , Penicillium brevicompactum and P. chrysogenum were cultivated on suitable culture media inside sample bottles specifically designed and created for direct MVOC injection to a GC–MS instrument. The fungal emissions we...
Crop residues returned to the soil are important for the preservation of soil quality, health, and biodiversity, and they increase agriculture sustainability by recycling nutrients. Sugarcane is a bioenergy crop that produces huge amounts of straw (also known as trash) every year. In addition to straw, the ethanol industry also generates large volumes of vinasse, a liquid residue of ethanol production, which is recycled in sugarcane fields as fertilizer. However, both straw and vinasse have an i...
Abstract Key parameters of OECD biodegradation screening tests were analyzed for impact on the assessment of biodegradation potential of selected fragrance compounds. Comparison of official Japanese OECD 301C test results for 48 predominantly readily biodegradable chemicals with recent OECD 301F screening data demonstrated a significantly higher occurrence of false negatives potentially attributable to inoculum limitations for the former, while for the latter, restriction to 28 days was frequent...
Microorganisms are important factors in shaping our environment. One key characteristic that has been neglected for a long time is the ability of microorganisms to release chemically diverse volatile compounds. At present, it is clear that the blend of volatiles released by microorganisms can be very complex and often includes many unknown compounds for which the chemical structures remain to be elucidated. The biggest challenge now is to unravel the biological and ecological functions of these ...
Last. Marcelo Zaiat(USP: University of São Paulo)H-Index: 52
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Abstract This study evaluated the effect of organic loading rate (OLR) on hydrogen production in up-flow anaerobic packed bed reactors (APBR) continuously fed with sugarcane vinasse. Four thermophilic up-flow APBR were operated in parallel at different ORL. Continuous hydrogen production was detected. The optimum OLR of 84.2 kg-COD m−3 d−1 was assessed by polynomial adjustment, which predicted a maximum Volumetric Hydrogen Production (VHP) and hydrogen yield ( Y H 2 ) of 1117.2 mL-H2 d−1 L−1reac...
This study aimed to quantify the carbon dioxide emissions from an Oxisol under degraded pasture located in Sorocaba, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The treatments were: sewage sludge (LE), sewage sludge compost (CLE), mineral fertilizer (AM) and no fertilization (T0). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with analysis of the effect of the four treatments (CLE, LE, and AM T0) with four replications. The application of sewage sludge, sewage sludge compost, mineral fertili...
#1Sarah M. Collier(UW: University of Wisconsin-Madison)H-Index: 10
#2Matthew D. Ruark(UW: University of Wisconsin-Madison)H-Index: 16
Last. Curtis J. Dell(ARS: Agricultural Research Service)H-Index: 23
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Measurement of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes between the soil and the atmosphere, in both managed and unmanaged ecosystems, is critical to understanding the biogeochemical drivers of climate change and to the development and evaluation of GHG mitigation strategies based on modulation of landscape management practices. The static chamber-based method described here is based on trapping gases emitted from the soil surface within a chamber and collecting samples from the chamber headspace at regular ...
Abstract An incubation study with four contrasting soils (Vertosol, Ferrosol, Calcarosol and Tenosol) and three biochars (oil mallee [OM-], wheat chaff [W-]) and poultry litter [PL-] all produced at 550 °C) applied at 1% w/w to each of the soils was conducted (n = 4). The soils were packed in cylindrical chambers and were subjected to five cycles of four weeks of wetting and four weeks of drying. The soils received 10 atom % 15N-KNO3− in the 1st and 5th wetting cycles. Two of the four soils (Fer...
#2Claudia Lüke(MPG: Max Planck Society)H-Index: 24
Last. Peter Frenzel(MPG: Max Planck Society)H-Index: 50
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Abstract Copper is an essential element, but often not readily available to microorganisms potentially causing copper limitation in situ . In most methane oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs), the copper-containing membrane bound methane monooxygenase (pMMO) catalyzes the first step in methane oxidation. We focused on the response of methanotrophic activity to a copper amendment in a rice paddy soil, measuring methane oxidation rates and following changes of pmoA diversity (a gene encoding for a s...
The conversion of forest to agricultural soils is a widespread activity in tropical systems, and its link to nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes and nitrogen cycling gene abundance is relevant to understand environmental drivers that may interact with climate change. A current challenge to estimating N2O emissions from land use conversion is an incomplete understanding of crop-specific impacts on denitrifier communities and the N2O fluxes driven by differences in the above- and below-ground inputs with c...