AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate why female franchisees are under-represented in franchise ownership. A qualitative approach was adopted using a collective, instrumental case study of 30 female franchisees. A number of different types of influences were identified in the literature and then elucidated and assessed. It was found that push and pull factors, work–family life balance, franchising sector characteristics and external influences act as variable incentives and disincentives among female franchisees’ selection of the franchise business model with different levels of risk-taking propensity. The marketing efforts of franchises would be more effective if the way in which the identified influences that impinge on the selection of the franchise business model informed the prospecting of potential female franchisees. A further need is identified for franchises to adjust their recruitment programmes to reflect the variable effect of incentives and disincentives at different levels of c...
The book Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches by Creswell (2014) covers three approaches— qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods. This educational book is informative and illustrative and is equally beneficial for students, teachers and researchers. Readers should have basic knowledge of research for better understanding of this book. There are two parts of the book. Part 1 (chapter 1-4) consists of steps for developing research proposal and part II (chapt...
This article explores the representation of women small business owners in three contemporary novels; Chocolat, The Shipping News and Back When We Were Grownups. The primary contribution is to demonstrate how fiction can both challenge and collude in dominant constructions of entrepreneurship, which is more generally gendered as male and masculine. Judith Butler's thinking on performativity with regard to gender and sexual desire is applied to women's identities and extended to include their beh...
Plural forms exist when managers use two owners to perform one activity. Franchising is a plural form explained by agency theory, however, the theory is unable to explain two franchisor actions: 1) allowing franchisees to own multiple outlets and 2) co‐locating company‐owned and franchised outlets. We use research that describes a symbiosis between company‐owned and franchised outlets to extend agency theory and explain these actions. Our investigation of ownership patterns among 4,339 outlets o...
Abstract An exchange perspective of franchising recognizes the important role that both the franchisor and franchisee assume in developing and maintaining sustainable relationships. However, should franchisees not perceive value in the quality of provided products or services, some incentive misalignment between agent and principal is likely (e.g. free riding, non-compliance with system standards), potentially resulting in greater perceptions of financial risk, diminished levels of franchisee sa...
In this paper we study the survival of start-up firms among former wage workers in Spain. We use well-known duration model techniques in order to analyse the duration of their self-employment spells distinguishing between those that end in unemployment from those that end in exit to a new paid employment. We address the question of how long these workers remain self-employed before entering into unemployment or returning to paid employment. Our findings show that a higher survival rate in self-e...
Drawing on self-determination theory and the model-minority hypothesis, this study explored potential differences in the work values and labor market perceptions of ethnic minorities and women relative to the majority group. Results, based on a sample of senior-level university students across Canada, revealed notable differences in the work values and levels of labor market confidence for these groups. Ethnic minorities reported higher intrinsic, extrinsic, social, and altruistic work values th...
#1Melien Wu(NCYU: National Chiayi University)H-Index: 4
#2Chen-Chieh Chang(CYCU: Chung Yuan Christian University)H-Index: 1
Last. Wen-Long Zhuang(CYCU: Chung Yuan Christian University)H-Index: 3
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This study used bidirectional interrole conflict measures to examine the permeability of work and family domains, and to further investigate the relationships of work–family conflict with business and marriage outcomes in copreneurial women. Analytical results from 202 Taiwanese copreneurial women were summarized as follows: (1) family boundaries were more permeable than work domains; (2) work–family conflict is negatively related to perceived business success and marriage satisfaction; and (3) ...
#2Thomas Kalliath(ANU: Australian National University)H-Index: 29
This special issue showcases papers by five authors who provide insights into the theoretical directions for work–family balance research. The special issue begins with an expert commentary by Westman, Brough, and Kalliath who discuss the often overlooked role of work–family crossover. Second, Powell reviews the culture-sensitivity of work–family balance theories and advances a cultural framework for consideration. Third, van Steenbergen and Ellemers showcase a longitudinal research design which...
This study investigated the relationship between work–family conflict/facilitation (WFC/F) and the perception of psychological contract fairness by Hispanic business professionals. In addition, this study examined the effects of WFC/F as a mediator of the relationship between workplace supports and psychological contract fairness. A survey of 1165 Hispanic business professionals, from the United States, contained reports their experience of work-to-family conflict and facilitation, perception of...
Last. Dorothea Schäfer(FU: Free University of Berlin)H-Index: 14
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This paper studies gender discrimination against entrepreneurs by financial institutions. Based on the cross-country Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) our analysis suggests that, compared to male-managed counterparts, female-managed firms are less likely to obtain a bank loan. In addition, we find that female entrepreneurs are charged higher interest rates when loan applications are approved. There is also some evidence that the gender differences in access to financ...
Purpose: This study aims to examine the effect of country of origin (COO) on customers' value expectation and willingness to pay by employing signalling theory and cue utilisation. Design/methodology/approach: The data were collected from 386 customers via an online survey in the context of Australian food retail franchise stores in China. Findings: The findings indicate that COO origin is an important determinant of customer expectations including service quality, social value, emotional value,...
Last. Lorelle Frazer(University of the Sunshine Coast)H-Index: 4
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This study utilises an evolutionary psychology theoretical lens in investigating the motivational incentives governing part-time franchise adoption. Applying a qualitative approach with 26 interviews with part-time franchisees, the study reveals that males and females exhibit no difference in their cognitive abilities including business experience and business acumen. However, there are specific gender-based differences in male and female motivations and expected outcomes from their franchising ...
This research examines the timing of a food retail franchise’s entry into Shanghai, China. Previous literature espouses the benefits of early movers, but there is a lack of focus on related conting...
A shortage of suitable franchisees has long plagued the Australian franchise industry impacting franchisors’ capacity to grow their chains. This exploratory research identifies, defines and examine...
This research aims to investigate how ecommerce influences elements of the franchising sector that have adopted an ecommerce strategy. A multiple case-study approach was selected to gain a comprehe...
This chapter is a descriptive and exploratory study of the challenges and opportunities faced by franchisors in adapting their franchise systems to accommodate cultural diversity among franchisees. It uses literature on migrant entrepreneurs and cultural diversity in small business settings in the United Kingdom, Europe, and the Americas as a basis for application to a franchising context. Triggered by events in the Australian franchising sector over the past two years, in which franchise system...