A critical analysis of expected-compliance model in volume-constrained robust topology optimization with normally distributed loading directions, using a minimax-compliance approach alternatively

Uncertainty is an important consideration in topology optimization to produce robust and reliable solutions. There are several possibilities to take into account the uncertainty in the topology optimization of continuum structures. In this paper, we assume that the only source of uncertainty is the variability of the applied load directions. Most models in this area apply parametric statistical tools to describe the directional uncertainty of...