Radiology

Neuroscience

Electrophysiology

Neuromodulation

Central nervous system

Moro reflex

Ultrasound

Psychology

Acoustic Startle Reflex

Medicine

Reflex

Neuron

Applying ultrasound to the brain leads to cortical activity patterns consistent with auditory pathway stimulation rather than direct neuromodulation. These findings reveal an indirect auditory mechanism for ultrasound-induced cortical and motor responses, requiring consideration in future development of ultrasonic neuromodulation.

Ultrasonic Neuromodulation Causes Widespread Cortical Activation via an Indirect Auditory Mechanism