Catalytic upgrading of bio-oil in hydrothermal liquefaction of algae major model components over liquid acids

We selected acetic acid and sulfuric acid as liquid acid catalysts to investigate their performance on hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of algae major model components, including polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides-proteins mixture. The aim of this study was to understand the catalytic effects of liquid acid catalysts as well as the formation process mechanisms and properties of the bio-oils from HTL of algae. We also used the...