Concurrent Treatment with Prolonged Exposure for Co-Occurring Full or Subthreshold Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Use Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial

<b><i>Background:</i></b> To test whether an integrated prolonged exposure (PE) approach could address posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms effectively in individuals with co-occurring substance use disorders (SUD), we compared concurrent treatment of PTSD and SUD using PE (COPE) to relapse prevention therapy (RPT) for SUD and an active monitoring control group (AMCG)....