Frailty assessment instruments in heart failure: A systematic review

Frailty is an independent predictor of mortality across many conditions. Reported rates of frailty in heart failure range from 15% to 74%. There are several instruments available to assess frailty; however, to date there has been no consensus on the most appropriate instrument for use in individuals with heart failure.To identify how frailty is assessed in individuals with heart failure and to elucidate which domains of frailty are most...