Cytotoxicity studies of membranes made with cellulose nanofibers from fique macrofibers

We report on the fabrication of cellulose nanofibers from Fique (Furcraea andina), in which raw macrofibers were chemically treated and then ground. Bleaching was effective in removing lignin from the raw fibers, and this was confirmed with distinct techniques, viz. X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and the estimation of the kappa number. From scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy...