β-Adrenergic modulation of cancer cell proliferation: available evidence and clinical perspectives

In this review, we aimed to present and discuss the available preclinical and epidemiological evidences regarding the modulation of cancer cell proliferation by β-adrenoceptors (β-AR), with a specific focus on the putative effects of β-blockers according to their pharmacological properties. A comprehensive review of the published literature was conducted, and the evidences concerning the involvement of β-AR in cancer as well as the possible role...