Generation of kidney organoids from human pluripotent stem cells

This protocol describes stepwise differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into 3D kidney organoids that contain segmented nephrons connected to collecting ducts, which are surrounded by renal interstitial cells and an endothelial network. The human kidney develops from four progenitor populations—nephron progenitors, ureteric epithelial progenitors, renal interstitial progenitors and endothelial progenitors—resulting in the formation of...