Accuracy of patient-specific template-guided vs. free-hand fluoroscopically controlled pedicle screw placement in the thoracic and lumbar spine: a randomized cadaveric study

Dorsal spinal instrumentation with pedicle screw constructs is considered the gold standard for numerous spinal pathologies. Screw misplacement is biomechanically disadvantageous and may create severe complications. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of patient-specific template-guided pedicle screw placement in the thoracic and lumbar spine compared to the free-hand technique with fluoroscopy. Patient-specific targeting guides...