Repair of a vesico-vaginal fistula with amniotic membrane – Step 1 of the IDEAL recommendations of surgical innovation

Complex vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF) has a high recurrence rate and so the repair with graft tissues seems to be favorable. Amniotic membrane (AM) plays an increasing role as a scaffold for the repair of defect tissue due to its unique biological properties with regard to promoting wound healing.An innovative surgical procedure for AM-assisted repair of a complex vesico-vaginal fistula as the Idea Stage following the IDEAL recommendations is...