Sustainable bio-phenol-hydroxymethylfurfural resins using phenolated de-polymerized hydrolysis lignin and their application in bio-composites

In this study a bio-based novolac resin, bio-phenol-hydroxymethylfurfural (BPHMF) resin, was prepared using a hydrolysis lignin (HL) as bio-phenol to partially substitute phenol and using glucose as a precursor for HMF. To enhance the chemical reactivity of the hydrolysis lignin with very high molecular weight, the HL was first degraded to de-polymerized hydrolysis lignin (DHL) followed by phenolation. BPHMF resin was then synthesized by...