Context.— Diagnosis of primary gastrointestinal and liver neoplasms is usually straightforward. Immunohistochemistry is most helpful to differentiate metastatic carcinomas with morphologic similarity and to resolve tumors of unknown origin. Recently, several new markers highly sensitive and specific for primary liver and gastrointestinal tumors have been discovered. Their potential diagnostic application has not been widely appreciated by general practicing pathologists. In addition, a new trend in immunohistochemistry application has started, focusing on assessing predictive markers (such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) and mutation-specific markers (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B V600E) to directly guide clinical management. Practicing pathologists need to be aware of and prepared for this evolving trend. Objectives.— To summarize the usefulness of several recently discovered immunohistochemical markers in the study of gastrointestinal and liver tumors; to suggest the most cu...
#2Angela Chou(St. Vincent's Health System)H-Index: 25
Last. Anthony J. Gill(Kolling Institute of Medical Research)H-Index: 73
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Immunohistochemistry has recently been validated for the detection of the BRAFV600E mutation across a range of tumor types. In colorectal carcinoma, the presence of the BRAFV600E mutation can be used to virtually exclude Lynch syndrome in mismatch repair-deficient tumors. In mismatch repair-proficient tumors, BRAFV600E mutation assessed by molecular methods has been proposed as a poor prognostic factor. We investigated whether combined BRAFV600E and mismatch repair status assessment by immunohis...
#1Erik S. Knudsen(UTSW: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center)H-Index: 15
#2Purva Gopal(UTSW: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center)H-Index: 20
Last. Amit G. Singal(UTSW: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center)H-Index: 62
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the leading causes of cancer death and has proved to be highly refractory to treatment. Extensive analysis of the disease has demonstrated that it arises predominantly in response to high-risk etiological challenges, most notably hepatitis virus. However, with evolving vaccination and the obesity epidemic, progressively more cases are associated with underlying metabolic dysfunction. Pathologically diverse forms of HCC are observed, and recent seq...
HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) receptor is a membrane tyrosine kinase and when activated affects cell proliferation and survival. The HER2 oncogene is located on chromosome 17q12. HER2 amplification is the primary pathway of HER2 receptor overexpression and is a major driver of tumo
#1Shih-Fan Kuan(University of Pittsburgh)H-Index: 11
#2Sarah Navina(University of Pittsburgh)H-Index: 14
Last. Reetesh K. Pai(University of Pittsburgh)H-Index: 36
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Summary The BRAF V600E mutation occurs in 15% of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) and has important genetic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. A monoclonal antibody (VE1) targeting the BRAF V600E mutant protein has become available with variable efficacy in literature reports. We investigated the utility of the VE1 antibody in detecting BRAF V600E mutant protein in two cohorts: (1) a retrospectively accrued series of 103 resected CRCs with (N=57) and without (N=46) known BRAF V600E mutation ...
#1Terry Lok(UCLA: University of California, Los Angeles)H-Index: 2
#2Lihong Chen(Fujian Medical University)H-Index: 2
Last. Hanlin L. Wang(UCLA: University of California, Los Angeles)H-Index: 42
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Summary Distinction between primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) on a liver biopsy is essentially impossible histologically but has important clinical implications. In this study, 41 ICCs and 60 PDAs were immunohistochemically evaluated for the expression of S100P, pVHL, IMP3, maspin, MUC5AC, and CK17 proteins. The results showed pVHL expression in 29 (71%) ICCs but in only 3 (5%) PDAs. S100P, MUC5AC, and CK17 were frequently express...
PMS2 in more than 80% of medullary carcinomas; (2) expression of cadherin-17 and SATB2 in 89% of medullary carcinomas; (3) focal expression of TFF3, MUC4, calretinin, CDX2, CK20, and synaptophysin in 72%, 72%, 67%, 67%, 28%, and 17% of 18 medullary carcinoma cases, respectively; and (4) expression of SATB2 and cadherin-17 in 97% and 98% of the colorectal adenocarcinomas, respectively, whereas their expression was seen in 3.6% and 3.3% of nongastrointestinal tumors, respectively. Conclusions.—We ...
#1Guido Rindi(UCSC: Catholic University of the Sacred Heart)H-Index: 87
#2Gianluigi Petrone(UCSC: Catholic University of the Sacred Heart)H-Index: 17
Last. Frediano Inzani(UCSC: Catholic University of the Sacred Heart)H-Index: 17
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This paper provides a personal pathologist’s view of how neuroendocrine tumors (NET) were perceived and defined in the last quarter of a century. In years when the Helicobacter pylori, omeprazole and the adenoma–carcinoma sequence in colon carcinogenesis significantly impacted on gastrointestinal (GI) pathology daily practice, neuroendocrine neoplasms of the GI tract passed from the original carcinoid definition to the current NET and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) definitions. The development o...
Losses in the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex characterize 20–30% of extra-adrenal paragangliomas and 7–8% of gastric GISTs, and rare renal cell carcinomas. This loss is reflected as lack of the normally ubiquitous immunohistochemical expression of the SDH subunit B (SDHB). In paragangliomas, SDHB loss correlates with homozygous loss of any of the SDH subunits, typically by loss-of-function mutations. The occurrence of SDHB losses in other epithelial malignancies is unknown. In this study,...
Background: Arginase-1 and HepPar-1 are effective immunohistochemical (IHC) markers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we explored the possible ef
Although radiological diagnostics have been progressing, pathological diagnosis remains the most reliable method for diagnosing liver tumors. In some cases, definite pathological diagnosis cannot be obtained by histological evaluation alone, especially when the sample is a small biopsy; in such cases, immunohistochemical staining is very useful. Immunohistochemistry is the most frequently used technique for molecular pathological diagnosis due to its broad application, ease of performance and ev...
Last. Hwajeong Lee(Albany Medical College)H-Index: 11
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AIMS Data regarding expression of intestinal markers in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are limited. We determined the frequency and clinicopathologic associations of CK19, a progenitor liver epithelial cell marker as well as biliary epithelial marker, and intestinal immunohistochemical markers (CDX2, CDH17, SATB2) expression in HCC and assessed their prognostic value. METHODS Tissue sections and/or tissue microarrays (TMAs) from 202 known HCCs (129 biopsy and 73 resection specimens) were immunos...
Last. Huma Munir(College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan)
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Black pleural effusion is a rare entity and may be a diagnostic dilemma. This interactive case discusses the various steps involved to reach the diagnosis.https://bit.ly/3dFJPTS
Background Early detection of small HCC and differentiation between HCC from AC metastatic to the liver is very essential for surgical pathologists, due to different treatment modalities. Immunohistochemistry plays a very important role in such conditions. In our study, we aimed to identify the diagnostic benefits of Arginase-1, FTCD& MOC-31 in the early detection of HCC in normal or cirrhotic liver, differentiation between HCC and metastatic ACs to the liver, and for early detection of small mi...
Abstract Increasing levels of estrogenic pollution in marine environments has made the development of reliable biological detection techniques urgently needed. In this study, Japanese flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ) lipovitellin (Lv) was purified and used to establish three immunological methods for the detection of vitellogenin (Vtg), a biomarker for environmental estrogens. Firstly, five different methods were employed to purify Lv, among which water-precipitation was the fastest and easie...
Last. Xuan Zhu(NCU: Nanchang University)H-Index: 11
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Oxidative stress mediated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) plays an important role in intestinal mucosal barrier damage in various disease states. Recent evidence suggests that intestinal mucosal barrier damage and intestinal dysbiosis occur in mice with hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl4 or bile duct ligation. Another study showed that ursolic acid (UA) attenuates experimental colitis via its antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities. The goal of this study w...
: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a well-established morphology adjunct enabling pathologists to make accurate diagnoses. Metastases to the liver is a common scenario where pathologists may rely heavily on IHC in their interpretation. We conducted this study to audit the patterns of IHC utilization in malignant liver biopsies in 3 practice types (academic, community, and expert) as an initial step toward developing best practice guidelines. A total of 1100 specimens were analyzed and the associati...
Lymphknotenmetastasen sind eine haufige Ursache fur die Durchfuhrung von Lymphknotenbiopsien. Dieses Kapitel behandelt die Strategien fur die Abklarung des sog. CUP(carcinoma of unknown primary)-Syndroms. Klinische Befunde und Lymphknotenlokalisation begrunden den Einsatz einer differentiellen immunhistochemischen und molekularen Diagnostik, wobei in der Differenzialdiagnostik auch die Abgrenzung zu entzundlich uberlagerten Lymphomen und nicht epithelialen Tumoren bedeutsam ist.
