Relationship Between Fluoroscopic Time, Dose–Area Product, Body Weight, and Maximum Radiation Skin Dose in Cardiac Interventional Procedures

OBJECTIVE. Real-time maximum dose monitoring of the skin is unavailable on many of the X-ray machines that are used for cardiac intervention procedures. Therefore, some reports have recommended that physicians record the fluoroscopic time for patients undergoing fluoroscopically guided intervention procedures. However, the relationship between the fluoroscopic time and the maximum radiation skin dose is not clear. This article describes the...