Physics

Internal medicine

Laparoscopy

Multitude

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Term (time)

Epistemology

Natural history

Philosophy

Surgery

Cholecystectomy

Endoscopy

Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery

General surgery

Quantum mechanics

Medicine

Background and study aims: Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) has been tested in the animal model for a multitude of procedures including cholecystectomy. Clinical experience using flexible endoscopes is, however, very limited. Transvaginal cholecystectomy has been shown to be the most feasible approach in which rigid instruments can be used. We report our experience in all patients treated over a 1-year period.

Transvaginal NOTES hybrid cholecystectomy: feasibility results in 68 cases with mid-term follow-up