A Three-dimensional Analysis of the Relationship Among Lower Facial Width, Bony Width, and Masseter Muscle Volume in Subjects With Prominent Mandible Angles

Despite the fact that a face with a square appearance is determined by surface anatomic features, skin surface parameters and their relationship with inner anatomic features have not been evaluated owing to the challenge of accurately and consistently measuring skin landmarks. We introduce 2 surface distances of the lower face obtained from images of skin and bone thresholds from three-dimensional computed tomographic scans; these were realigned...