Associations between Childhood Refraction and Parental Smoking

purpose. Motivated by pharmacologic findings linking nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to eye development in chicks, the authors studied whether the refractions of children who were passively exposed to cigarette smoke by their parents differed from those of nonexposed children. methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 323 patients (mean ± SD age, 8.7 ± 4.4 years; range, 1–20) in a tertiary care pediatric ophthalmology clinic. Half...