Intradermal DNA Vaccination Enhanced by Low-Current Electroporation Improves Antigen Expression and Induces Robust Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses

DNA represents an ideal vaccine platform for HIV and many infectious diseases because of its safety, stability, and ease of manufacture. However, the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines has traditionally been low compared with viral vectors, recombinant protein, and live attenuated vaccines. The immunogenicity of DNA vaccines has been significantly enhanced by delivery with in vivo electroporation. Further improvements now allow electroporation to be...