The influence of several situational and personality variables on helping behavior was examined in an emergency situation suggested by the parable of the Good Samaritan. People going between two buildings encountered a shabbily dressed person slumped by the side of the road. Subjects in a hurry to reach their destination were more likely to pass by without stopping. Some subjects were going to give a short talk on the parable of the Good Samaritan, others on a nonhelping relevant topic; this made no significant difference in the likelihood of their giving the victim help. Religious personality variables did not predict whether an individual would help the victim or not. However, if a subject did stop to offer help, the character of the helping response was related to his type of religiosity.
Ss overheard an epileptic seizure. They believed either that they alone heard the emergency, or that 1 or 4 unseen others were also present. As predicted the presence of other bystanders reduced the individual's feelings of personal responsibility and lowered his speed of reporting (p < .01). In groups of size 3, males reported no faster than females, and females reported no slower when the 1 other bystander was a male rather than a female. In general, personality and background measures were no...
The invention relates to electrical oscillators arranged to oscillate so as to produce a substantially sinusoidal output signal. The said oscillator includes a general impedance transvertor circuit arrangement having two differential amplifiers connected only to a plurality of resistive and capacitive impedance elements and arranged to simulate a tuned circuit with sufficient feedback to maintain oscillation within the tuned circuit. The transvertor circuit is an active device in the form of an ...
C LASSIFICATIONS of religious institutions and religious leaders have been developed by sociologists of religion,' but few attempts have been made to classify people in their orientation to religion. Typologies within the psychology of religion have usually been developed with reference to some feature of Christian behaviour. Thus William James accepted Starbuck's typology based on whether people are susceptible to gradual or sudden conversion,2 sayingthat "the difference between the two types i...
It is to the highest degree probable that the subjectl's] . . . general attitude of mind is that of ready complacency and cheerful willingness to assist the investigator in every possible way by reporting to him those very things which he is most eager to find, and that the very questions of the experimenter . . . suggest the shade of reply expected . . . . Indeed . . . it seems too often as if the subject were now regarded as a stupid automaton . . . . A. H. PIERCE, 1908 :!
Last. Jessi L. Smith(UCCS: University of Colorado Colorado Springs)H-Index: 32
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What goes into faculty decisions to adopt a classroom intervention that closes achievement gaps? We present a theoretical model for understanding possible resistance to and support for implementing and sustaining a diversity-enhancing classroom intervention. We propose, examine, and refine a "diversity interventions-resistance to action" model with four key inputs that help explain faculty's decision to implement (or not) an evidence-based intervention: 1) notice that underrepresentation is a pr...
#1Marvin Kopka(Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg)
#2Karen Krause(Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg)H-Index: 3
Autonomous (cargo-)bikes offer many use cases, especially in urban areas. One challenge they have to face is their dependence on human assistance. This study examines the influence of light color, flashing rhythm, voices, a person’s kindness and technological experience on helping behavior towards an autonomous cargo bike. An experiment with 233 participants was conducted. We found that technological experience and kindness had a positive influence on helping behavior, while light color, flashin...
Last. Tehila Kogut(BGU: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev)H-Index: 12
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We examined early adolescents' social connections, their emotional state, and their willingness to act prosocially during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. In two studies-comparing fourth to sixth graders during lockdown with a similar sample in pre-pandemic times, and longitudinally examining the same sample of participants, twice-we found that overall, early adolescents' emotional state during lockdown was significantly worse than in normal times (before the pandemic). This decline was explained by ...
#1Matthew Taylor(FSU: Florida State University)H-Index: 1
Several philosophers, known as situationists, have argued that evidence in social psychology threatens to undermine Aristotelian virtue ethics. An impressively large amount of empirical evidence suggests that most people do not consistently act virtuously and lack the ability to exercise rational control over their behavior. Since possessing moral virtues requires these features, situationists have argued that Aristotelianism does not accurately describe the character traits possessed by most pe...
Insanin ayirt edici yonu sahip oldugu bilissel kapasitedir. Bu bilissel kapasitesi ile medeniyetler kurmus ve ahlaki sistemler gelistirmistir. Farkindalik bu bilissel ozellikler arasinda merkezi bir konumdadir. Kendisinin ve cevresinin farkinda olan insan bu sayede dusuncelerini bilebilir, izleyebilir ve duzenleyebilir. Bu calisma bu bilissel ozellikleri ahlaki baglamda ele almaktadir. Bu dogrultuda ustbilisin bilincli farkindalik ve ahlaki ustbilis arasindaki araci rolune dair bir model onerilm...
#1Maria Waggoner(WashU: Washington University in St. Louis)
Important empirically informed proposals of virtue cultivation invoke techniques of goal pursuit. This paper argues that these techniques are effective in changing behavior due to the attention nar...
Adaptive Instructional Systems (AIS) have the potential to provide students with a flexible, dynamic learning environment in a manner that might not be possible with the limited resources of human instructors. In addition to technical knowledge learning engineering also requires considering the values and ethics associated with the creation, development, and implementation of instruction and assessment techniques such as fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics (FATE). Following a revi...
Introduction: COVID-19 has caused major disruptions to healthcare, with voluntary opportunities offered to medical students to provide clinical support. We used the conceptual framework of prosocial behavior during an emergency - behaviors whose primary focus is benefiting others - to examine volunteering during COVID-19. Methods: We conducted an in-depth, mixed-methods cross-sectional survey, from 2nd May to 15th June 2020, of medical students studying at UK medical schools. Data analysis was i...
