Functional anatomy of the human efferent tear ducts: a new theory of tear outflow mechanism

· Background: The mechanism of lacrimal drainage under physiological conditions is controversial. The aim of this study was to analyze the three-dimensional architecture of human efferent tear ducts from functional and clinical points of view. A new theory of tear outflow is discussed. · Methods: Thirty-two prepared lacrimal systems of adults were examined by histological, immunohistochemical and scanning electron microscopic techniques. ·...